BMAT 2004-S1

A seminar room has four identical tables, the shape of each being an isosceles right-angled triangle.

Nutritionists say that we should eat more fruit and vegetables per day and reduce our intake of fat to help prevent major illnesses. As fruit and vegetables are relatively expensive compared to fatty foods, it is unlikely that families on very low incomes will follow this advice. If the government really wants to improve the health of the nation, it will have to consider taxing foods which are high in fat.

Of the 100 screws in my work box:

60 are cross-headed and 40 are slot-headed

70 are 3 mm diameter, 20 are 4 mm diameter and 10 are 5 mm diameter

80 are 50 mm long, 5 are 35 mm long and 15 are 20 mm long.

The government now insists that all primary schools spend at least one hour per day on literacy and numeracy work, and stipulate that a substantial part of the time is spent in whole class teaching. These changes have helped to raise standards in literacy and numeracy. Therefore, whole class teaching is clearly more beneficial than small group or individual work.

Tom and Suki are brother and sister and go to the same school which is 2 km from their home. Suki leaves each morning 10 minutes before Tom and walks. Tom cycles to school by the same route at four times Suki’s walking speed and arrives there 5 minutes before her.

Recent research has shown that people who keep pets tend to live longer than those who do not. The explanation seems to be that factors such as increased exercise (for dog or horse owners), the soothing properties of stroking a furry animal (such as a cat) and the emotional benefits of affectionate relationships combine to benefit human longevity. Everyone who can own a pet, should do so. Obviously this suggestion is not appropriate to people who are allergic to animals.

Alf and Bill are gardeners. They work together and share profits equally. They recently built a fence for a client. Alf bought all the materials at a total cost of £240. The client paid Bill £780 on completion of the work.

The graph below shows the number of stays in national health service hospitals in England by diagnosis and sex in 2002/3.

The table below shows the actual number of days in hospital for the same data.

The graph below shows the number of stays in national health service hospitals in England by diagnosis and sex in 2002/3.

The table below shows the actual number of days in hospital for the same data.

The graph below shows the number of stays in national health service hospitals in England by diagnosis and sex in 2002/3.

The table below shows the actual number of days in hospital for the same data.

The graph below shows the number of stays in national health service hospitals in England by diagnosis and sex in 2002/3.

The table below shows the actual number of days in hospital for the same data.

The score in a quiz game is calculated as follows:

The quiz consists of 12 questions and John scores 18 points.

Very conveniently, from an evolutionary standpoint, water freezes with its molecules bonding to form a very open lattice. This unusual structure is such that the density of water ice is less than that of liquid water, which is why ice floats, unlike other solids with tighter structures such as iron. (An iron bar placed in molten iron will sink.) Where and when the oceans freeze, ice forms a layer of insulation on the surface which holds in the heat of the liquid below. Without this protection the seas would freeze solid, from the bottom up; and life as we know it, which began in water, would not exist.

The diagram alongside shows a flat piece of cardboard that may be folded to make a tetrahedral (pyramidal) die.

The use of animals for experiments for medical research has been criticised by many animal rights campaigners as morally wrong. Some campaigners use extreme tactics to gain public attention. But they ignore the many benefits which advances in medicine have for animals themselves. The development of antibiotics, for example, has helped animals as well as humans. If the animal population as a whole derives benefit from experiments on only a small minority of animals, those experiments are morally acceptable.

Annie, Barbara, Colin and David all attend regular clinics where they are encouraged to lose weight.

At the beginning of the year, they weighed 65, 80, 75 and 70 kg respectively. During the year, all had a change in weight of more than 5 kg. Colin lost more than either Barbara or Annie. David actually put on weight.

The worst of what ensued when the Exxon Valdez spilled 40,000 tons of crude oil into Alaska’s coastal waters in 1989 is not that it was the most damaging oil spill in history but that it isn’t yet history. Despite the intense research on the ecosystem, this 10,000-square-mile tapestry of icefields, mountains, forests and sea is far from recovered. Lingering and unanticipated injuries abound. A 2001 study found more than 100 tons of toxic oil remaining on dozens of the beaches, oil that seeps out with every tide, and that – because incomplete weathering left behind higher concentrations of toxins – is even more poisonous now than when it gushed from the ripped tanker. This oil will remain on these beaches for decades to come.

[Adapted from: The Lingering Lessons of the EV, by Marybeth Holleman. Ecologist: May 2004. p 12]

The rate of reaction between marble and acid can be greatly increased by crushing marble chips into powdered form. This is because of the larger total surface area of marble that is exposed to the acid.

Increases in blood pressure associated with old age are endemic in developed countries, but are rarely seen in underdeveloped countries where people tend to maintain a high level of physical activity throughout their lives. At the other end of the age-range, obesity and diabetes are more common among young people in developed countries, where largely sedentary lifestyles give limited opportunity for exercise.

The table below shows the results of a survey into salt intake as estimated by measuring urinary sodium levels. The results are expressed cumulatively. The recommended maximum daily intake of salt is 6 grams.

Daily salt consumption estimated from total urinary sodium by sex and age, 2000/01, Great Britain

Notes:                        Respondents who reported making a full 24-hour urine collection.

Source:                       Office for National Statistics (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition survey: adults aged 19 to 64 years.

                                     Volume 3. Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analysis, The Stationery Office: London.

The table below shows the results of a survey into salt intake as estimated by measuring urinary sodium levels. The results are expressed cumulatively. The recommended maximum daily intake of salt is 6 grams.

Daily salt consumption estimated from total urinary sodium by sex and age, 2000/01, Great Britain

Notes:                        Respondents who reported making a full 24-hour urine collection.

Source:                       Office for National Statistics (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition survey: adults aged 19 to 64 years.

                                     Volume 3. Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analysis, The Stationery Office: London.

The table below shows the results of a survey into salt intake as estimated by measuring urinary sodium levels. The results are expressed cumulatively. The recommended maximum daily intake of salt is 6 grams.

Daily salt consumption estimated from total urinary sodium by sex and age, 2000/01, Great Britain

Notes:                        Respondents who reported making a full 24-hour urine collection.

Source:                       Office for National Statistics (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition survey: adults aged 19 to 64 years.

                                     Volume 3. Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analysis, The Stationery Office: London.

The table below shows the results of a survey into salt intake as estimated by measuring urinary sodium levels. The results are expressed cumulatively. The recommended maximum daily intake of salt is 6 grams.

Daily salt consumption estimated from total urinary sodium by sex and age, 2000/01, Great Britain

Notes:                        Respondents who reported making a full 24-hour urine collection.

Source:                       Office for National Statistics (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition survey: adults aged 19 to 64 years.

                                     Volume 3. Vitamin and mineral intake and urinary analysis, The Stationery Office: London.

A doctor’s surgery lasts from 9 am to 11 am. The appointments system allows her 5 minutes per patient. 20 minutes is kept free at the end of the surgery for emergency appointments. On a particular morning the doctor arrives late. 20 patients have been booked for routine appointments, but 2 do not attend. 1 patient takes 12 minutes to see, but the rest are given the normal 5 minutes. An urgent phone call takes 8 minutes. Surgery was completed at 11 am despite a 5 minute emergency appointment.

Gardeners are being encouraged to use alternatives to peat, as peat harvesting endangers the wetland habitats of wading birds. But gardening has become the most popular hobby in the UK, with thousands of people visiting garden centres to buy – among other things – peat-based compost. The habitats of wading birds will therefore inevitably decline if gardening continues to be so popular.

Two lighthouses can be seen from the sea-front at Shoreton. Both lights switch on and off in regular repeating patterns. One is on for 3 seconds then off for 8 seconds, whilst the other is on for 2 seconds then off for 7 seconds.

15 seconds ago both lights became visible at precisely the same moment.

An open cylindrical container made from sheet metal of uniform thickness has a mass of 800 g. When completely filled with water the total mass is 15.6 kg.

Doctors in Great Britain can work for the public health service, a commercial service, or both. 30% of doctors in Great Britain work, at least some of the time, for the commercial sector. On the basis of this information alone, deduce which of the following statements are true of doctors in Great Britain.

1. Some doctors work only in the public health service.

2. More doctors work in the public health service than the commercial sector.

3. Some doctors spend more time on commercial work than in the public health service.

Nathan pours 250 ml of sodium chloride solution into a beaker from a bottle labelled “concentration 30 g/l”. He accidentally spills 50 ml and decides to replace it, but inadvertently tops up the beaker with 50 ml from a different bottle, this one labelled “concentration 20 g/l”.

A runner and a cyclist are having a race. The course (in order) includes a flat section of 1 km, a muddy section of 1.5 km, an uphill section of 500 m and a downhill section of 1 km.

The speeds they achieve on each section of the course are as follows:

Which two of these statements are equivalent?

In the United States, the number of serious auto accidents is declining. Countrywide, between 1980 and 1993, auto accident fatalities fell from 51,091 to 40,115, and property claims per 100 insured vehicles fell from 4.94 to 4.00, a decrease of 19 per cent. Credit for this remarkable improvement must go to the efforts of federal and state regulators to reduce automobile accidents and increase passenger safely. Laws mandating the wearing of seatbelts, the installation of airbags, a more robust construction of the car body, enhanced vehicle safety standards, better road design, and campaigns against drunk driving have all helped.

Despite these impressive improvements in road safety, however, Americans now make more claims for bodily injury, referred to as BI. Between 1980 and 1993, the number of BI claims per 100 insured vehicles rose 33 per cent to 29.3, and the likelihood of a BI claim being filed in an accident that involved a property damage claim rose 64 per cent in the same time period.

The ‘whippies’, as the insurance industry calls whiplash claimants, account for this huge increase in BI claims. For the purpose of insurance statistics, whiplash is recorded as “sprains and strains,” and since these sprains and strains nearly all involve the neck and the back, it is reasonable to equate them with whiplash. From 1987 to 1992, claims in the US for sprains and strains increased in proportion to other injuries. In 1987, 75 per cent of BI claims were for sprains and strains, and 45 per cent for “all other injuries.” By 1992 sprains and strains had risen to 83 per cent, and all other injuries had fallen to 40 per cent. This trend is no isolated oddity, for similar changes have happened elsewhere. In Japan annual collision deaths peaked at 4900 in 1993 and fell to little over 4200 by 1997, while over the same period the number of whiplash claims rose from 228,000 to 252,000.

[Source: Whiplash and other useful injuries, Andrew Malleson. McGill Queens University Press, Montreal. p 254.]

In the United States, the number of serious auto accidents is declining. Countrywide, between 1980 and 1993, auto accident fatalities fell from 51,091 to 40,115, and property claims per 100 insured vehicles fell from 4.94 to 4.00, a decrease of 19 per cent. Credit for this remarkable improvement must go to the efforts of federal and state regulators to reduce automobile accidents and increase passenger safely. Laws mandating the wearing of seatbelts, the installation of airbags, a more robust construction of the car body, enhanced vehicle safety standards, better road design, and campaigns against drunk driving have all helped.

Despite these impressive improvements in road safety, however, Americans now make more claims for bodily injury, referred to as BI. Between 1980 and 1993, the number of BI claims per 100 insured vehicles rose 33 per cent to 29.3, and the likelihood of a BI claim being filed in an accident that involved a property damage claim rose 64 per cent in the same time period.

The ‘whippies’, as the insurance industry calls whiplash claimants, account for this huge increase in BI claims. For the purpose of insurance statistics, whiplash is recorded as “sprains and strains,” and since these sprains and strains nearly all involve the neck and the back, it is reasonable to equate them with whiplash. From 1987 to 1992, claims in the US for sprains and strains increased in proportion to other injuries. In 1987, 75 per cent of BI claims were for sprains and strains, and 45 per cent for “all other injuries.” By 1992 sprains and strains had risen to 83 per cent, and all other injuries had fallen to 40 per cent. This trend is no isolated oddity, for similar changes have happened elsewhere. In Japan annual collision deaths peaked at 4900 in 1993 and fell to little over 4200 by 1997, while over the same period the number of whiplash claims rose from 228,000 to 252,000.

[Source: Whiplash and other useful injuries, Andrew Malleson. McGill Queens University Press, Montreal. p 254.]

In the United States, the number of serious auto accidents is declining. Countrywide, between 1980 and 1993, auto accident fatalities fell from 51,091 to 40,115, and property claims per 100 insured vehicles fell from 4.94 to 4.00, a decrease of 19 per cent. Credit for this remarkable improvement must go to the efforts of federal and state regulators to reduce automobile accidents and increase passenger safely. Laws mandating the wearing of seatbelts, the installation of airbags, a more robust construction of the car body, enhanced vehicle safety standards, better road design, and campaigns against drunk driving have all helped.

Despite these impressive improvements in road safety, however, Americans now make more claims for bodily injury, referred to as BI. Between 1980 and 1993, the number of BI claims per 100 insured vehicles rose 33 per cent to 29.3, and the likelihood of a BI claim being filed in an accident that involved a property damage claim rose 64 per cent in the same time period.

The ‘whippies’, as the insurance industry calls whiplash claimants, account for this huge increase in BI claims. For the purpose of insurance statistics, whiplash is recorded as “sprains and strains,” and since these sprains and strains nearly all involve the neck and the back, it is reasonable to equate them with whiplash. From 1987 to 1992, claims in the US for sprains and strains increased in proportion to other injuries. In 1987, 75 per cent of BI claims were for sprains and strains, and 45 per cent for “all other injuries.” By 1992 sprains and strains had risen to 83 per cent, and all other injuries had fallen to 40 per cent. This trend is no isolated oddity, for similar changes have happened elsewhere. In Japan annual collision deaths peaked at 4900 in 1993 and fell to little over 4200 by 1997, while over the same period the number of whiplash claims rose from 228,000 to 252,000.

[Source: Whiplash and other useful injuries, Andrew Malleson. McGill Queens University Press, Montreal. p 254.]

In the United States, the number of serious auto accidents is declining. Countrywide, between 1980 and 1993, auto accident fatalities fell from 51,091 to 40,115, and property claims per 100 insured vehicles fell from 4.94 to 4.00, a decrease of 19 per cent. Credit for this remarkable improvement must go to the efforts of federal and state regulators to reduce automobile accidents and increase passenger safely. Laws mandating the wearing of seatbelts, the installation of airbags, a more robust construction of the car body, enhanced vehicle safety standards, better road design, and campaigns against drunk driving have all helped.

Despite these impressive improvements in road safety, however, Americans now make more claims for bodily injury, referred to as BI. Between 1980 and 1993, the number of BI claims per 100 insured vehicles rose 33 per cent to 29.3, and the likelihood of a BI claim being filed in an accident that involved a property damage claim rose 64 per cent in the same time period.

The ‘whippies’, as the insurance industry calls whiplash claimants, account for this huge increase in BI claims. For the purpose of insurance statistics, whiplash is recorded as “sprains and strains,” and since these sprains and strains nearly all involve the neck and the back, it is reasonable to equate them with whiplash. From 1987 to 1992, claims in the US for sprains and strains increased in proportion to other injuries. In 1987, 75 per cent of BI claims were for sprains and strains, and 45 per cent for “all other injuries.” By 1992 sprains and strains had risen to 83 per cent, and all other injuries had fallen to 40 per cent. This trend is no isolated oddity, for similar changes have happened elsewhere. In Japan annual collision deaths peaked at 4900 in 1993 and fell to little over 4200 by 1997, while over the same period the number of whiplash claims rose from 228,000 to 252,000.

[Source: Whiplash and other useful injuries, Andrew Malleson. McGill Queens University Press, Montreal. p 254.]