Your Time has Finished
Loading...
GAMSAT Section I – Non-Fictional Texts
Your Score: %
Average Score of All Users:
You performed better than of students
Section Breakdown
| Your Score | Average of all Users | Percentile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Fictional Texts |
Non-Fictional Texts
Your score:
Average score:
You performed better than of students
Speed as well as accuracy is important in this section. Work quickly, or you might not finish the paper. There are no penalties for incorrect responses, only marks for correct answers, so you should attempt all questions. Each question is worth one mark.
You must complete the answers within the time limit. Calculators are NOT permitted.
Good Luck!
Performance by Les Murray
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
B is the most correct option as it takes into account the speakers enthusiasm throughout the majority of the poem but recognises the sadness that is palpable in the final two lines.
Performance by Les Murray
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
B and C are unsupported by the poem and therefore are incorrect. Option A does recognise the state of exhilaration the speaker of the poem is in but it fails to consider the change in tone that occurs in the final two lines of the poem.
Performance by Les Murray
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Answer A takes into account both ‘footwork’ and ‘fireworks’ which the other answers do not do. Additionally, options c and d are incorrect not only because they do not account for ‘footwork’ (the fault with option b), but because the points made in these statements cannot be corroborated.
Jorge
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 02 Oct 2023 23:42:25
footwork = precision; fireworks = high energy, impressive performance. answer (c) lacks reference to 'footwork' but only 'firework'
Performance by Les Murray
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
C is the most appropriate answer, without fullstops the pace of the poem is accelerated which rules out option d. Option C also emphasises the impact of the full stop at the end of the second stanza which does temporarily halt the poem and reduce the pace thus making the last two lines more impactful which rules out option a. B is incorrect as though it could be said that the punctuation emphasises lines or creates more powerful imagery it does not emphasise ‘each line’ and it is less correct than option c.
e. e. cummings I carry your heart with me
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
C is the correct answer, the other options are not supported by the poem. There is no evidence that this is a first meeting or that the author is appealing for someone to stay nor is there evidence of unrequited love.
Daniel
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 11 Mar 2023 15:22:11
"deepest secret no one knows" - implies no one knows about said love, not even object of love, making it unrequited?
e. e. cummings I carry your heart with me
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Option d is best supported by the poem. The brackets reduce the speed with which the poem is read, this may be missed by candidates who do not take the time to appropriately read the poem. B is incorrect as it cannot be proven that the lines in brackets are additional thoughts by the author. Option a is true d is more valid due to the identification of the affect brackets have on the pace of the poem.
Savarna
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 10 Jul 2023 03:32:35
This is different to the answer given in the tutorials for this question which makes it a bit confusing because when completing tutorial this is the answer I would've chosen but then was told it was wrong
e. e. cummings I carry your heart with me
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Of all the options b is the most supported by the poem. Option a is not supported by the poem, the speaker expresses no hesitation. D cannot be proven and is a weak answer. Option C could be correct but it is not as strongly supported by the poem as option B as you cannot evidence why the author repeated the line.
vernon
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 01 Oct 2022 09:18:09
B is not wrong, it breaks up the common structure suggesting love is more unique
istp
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 23 Feb 2023 13:36:33
B & C are equally valid, if not C is more valid. Taking a first look at the poem, the line "i fear" and the very last line stand out out the most, visually. Either of the two lines, could be the reason he chose to make it 15 lines, if he even thought about that particularly to begin with. Assuming he did, it's very clear he was not hesistant to fall in love, but that doesn't mean "i fear" was not was something he wanted to emphasise, just that A is not the answer. Following from this, even if he included "i fear" in the following line it wouldn't affect the line length majorly enough to upset the structure - excluding D. The overwhelming nature of his emotions lends itself to C being more likely of an answer than B. You cannot evidence an "aim" in B no more than you can evidence his "desire" in C.
e. e. cummings I carry your heart with me
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
There is no evidence to support option c, the author has not communicated any flaw to their love or any interest in the love being dysfunctional and interrupted which rules out option c. Option d is not supported as the author does not discuss the development of their love. Option b could be thought of as correct but the line in question is more centred upon the most truthful and accurate of things as opposed to nature.
Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity (1)
Syeda AamraAliSyed O.AliMB BChirFarhaan A.KhanMB BChir
We read with great interest the analysis by Smith et al.1 of the employment of text message interventions for the promotion of physical activity. We acknowledge the potential utility of text message interventions not only as a reminder but also as a flexible component of multipronged strategies for increasing physical activity. We would like to raise some points regarding the real-world applicability of these data in the clinical setting from our own experience as physicians.
Although 96% of American adults own a cell phone capable of receiving text messages, 1 factor to consider in the utility of text message interventions is the proportion of those adults who actually acknowledge or use this form of communication on a daily basis. This number is falling rapidly with the rise of app-based communication methods such as WhatsApp and WeChat, and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook2 and it is likely that reminders via such platforms may receive greater engagement.
We also note that for the purpose of reconciling studies, steps per day is used as a metric in many of the included studies. Although we recognize the value of this as a common outcome for combining studies, it likely does not represent many activity options. As clinicians, we frequently recommend swimming for patients with pain on weight-bearing or recovering from injury, and other activities such as cycling and yoga would not be covered by this measure.
In addition, the clinical purpose of exercise advice must be considered. While the United Kingdom’s National Health Service advises 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week for the average adult aged 19–64 years,3this is indicated as a primary prevention strategy. Smith and colleagues1 include studies on patients with existing obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes for whom such recommendations are made on a case-by-case basis clinically for secondary or tertiary prevention. There may be benefit from stratification of outcomes in the article by the goal of physical activity for each study, as this may account for differences in effect sizes as well as differences in motivation and compliance inherent to different subject cohorts.
As mentioned by Smith et al.,1 there are multiple psychological components to achieving a change in behavior such as physical activity. Educating individuals, motivating them, setting realistic and achievable goals, reminding frequently, and providing feedback on achievements can together greatly increase uptake of a behavior change. However, our clinical experience has been in line with the inverse care law whereby those most in need of physical activity are least responsive to a text message intervention, which often addresses only 1 of these psychological tools. These patients often require more-intensive, patient-centric approaches focusing on increasing awareness and empowering patients alongside message reminders to achieve significant behavioral change as demonstrated by studies on factors for improving healthy eating in low-SES patient cohorts and increasing prescription medication compliance rates among patients.4,5
Aamra Ali S, Ali SO, Khan FA. Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(2):91–2.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The authors demonstrate support of the initiative, recognising the potential positive impacts it may have on population health and fitness. However, they are not strongly in favour as they identify limitations with the initiative that could prevent it from being effective.
Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity (1)
Syeda AamraAliSyed O.AliMB BChirFarhaan A.KhanMB BChir
We read with great interest the analysis by Smith et al.1 of the employment of text message interventions for the promotion of physical activity. We acknowledge the potential utility of text message interventions not only as a reminder but also as a flexible component of multipronged strategies for increasing physical activity. We would like to raise some points regarding the real-world applicability of these data in the clinical setting from our own experience as physicians.
Although 96% of American adults own a cell phone capable of receiving text messages, 1 factor to consider in the utility of text message interventions is the proportion of those adults who actually acknowledge or use this form of communication on a daily basis. This number is falling rapidly with the rise of app-based communication methods such as WhatsApp and WeChat, and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook2 and it is likely that reminders via such platforms may receive greater engagement.
We also note that for the purpose of reconciling studies, steps per day is used as a metric in many of the included studies. Although we recognize the value of this as a common outcome for combining studies, it likely does not represent many activity options. As clinicians, we frequently recommend swimming for patients with pain on weight-bearing or recovering from injury, and other activities such as cycling and yoga would not be covered by this measure.
In addition, the clinical purpose of exercise advice must be considered. While the United Kingdom’s National Health Service advises 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week for the average adult aged 19–64 years,3this is indicated as a primary prevention strategy. Smith and colleagues1 include studies on patients with existing obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes for whom such recommendations are made on a case-by-case basis clinically for secondary or tertiary prevention. There may be benefit from stratification of outcomes in the article by the goal of physical activity for each study, as this may account for differences in effect sizes as well as differences in motivation and compliance inherent to different subject cohorts.
As mentioned by Smith et al.,1 there are multiple psychological components to achieving a change in behavior such as physical activity. Educating individuals, motivating them, setting realistic and achievable goals, reminding frequently, and providing feedback on achievements can together greatly increase uptake of a behavior change. However, our clinical experience has been in line with the inverse care law whereby those most in need of physical activity are least responsive to a text message intervention, which often addresses only 1 of these psychological tools. These patients often require more-intensive, patient-centric approaches focusing on increasing awareness and empowering patients alongside message reminders to achieve significant behavioral change as demonstrated by studies on factors for improving healthy eating in low-SES patient cohorts and increasing prescription medication compliance rates among patients.4,5
Aamra Ali S, Ali SO, Khan FA. Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(2):91–2.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
This answer is correct as it is the most plausible and strongest argument of the statements. Statements b, c and d have nothing supporting them in the text and in the instance of b the authors convey the opposite, believing that social media services are more likely to reach people. Students should consider schemes currently in use such as the NHS appointment reminder service whereby individuals are texted an appointment reminder. This system is highly effective and does not require an individual to reply to the message. Statement a utilises this idea.
em
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 30 Jun 2022 10:13:37
The text states that the number of people using AND acknowledging the text message form of communication is rapidly declining, so I thought it might not be A - they aren't acknowledging so they wouldn't see the text message and thus it wouldn't be effective ?
a
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 15 Aug 2022 19:11:50
a
S
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 05 Sep 2023 22:44:41
just because you don't acknowledge something, doesn't mean you didn't see it.
A.T
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 06 Dec 2023 14:16:02
C correct "96% of American adults own a cell phone capable of receiving text messages", thus 96% of american adults (a lot of people) can be reached. which is basically what C is saying. just because they have text message system doesn't mean they would see them. So A incorrect?
Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity (1)
Syeda AamraAliSyed O.AliMB BChirFarhaan A.KhanMB BChir
We read with great interest the analysis by Smith et al.1 of the employment of text message interventions for the promotion of physical activity. We acknowledge the potential utility of text message interventions not only as a reminder but also as a flexible component of multipronged strategies for increasing physical activity. We would like to raise some points regarding the real-world applicability of these data in the clinical setting from our own experience as physicians.
Although 96% of American adults own a cell phone capable of receiving text messages, 1 factor to consider in the utility of text message interventions is the proportion of those adults who actually acknowledge or use this form of communication on a daily basis. This number is falling rapidly with the rise of app-based communication methods such as WhatsApp and WeChat, and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook2 and it is likely that reminders via such platforms may receive greater engagement.
We also note that for the purpose of reconciling studies, steps per day is used as a metric in many of the included studies. Although we recognize the value of this as a common outcome for combining studies, it likely does not represent many activity options. As clinicians, we frequently recommend swimming for patients with pain on weight-bearing or recovering from injury, and other activities such as cycling and yoga would not be covered by this measure.
In addition, the clinical purpose of exercise advice must be considered. While the United Kingdom’s National Health Service advises 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week for the average adult aged 19–64 years,3this is indicated as a primary prevention strategy. Smith and colleagues1 include studies on patients with existing obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes for whom such recommendations are made on a case-by-case basis clinically for secondary or tertiary prevention. There may be benefit from stratification of outcomes in the article by the goal of physical activity for each study, as this may account for differences in effect sizes as well as differences in motivation and compliance inherent to different subject cohorts.
As mentioned by Smith et al.,1 there are multiple psychological components to achieving a change in behavior such as physical activity. Educating individuals, motivating them, setting realistic and achievable goals, reminding frequently, and providing feedback on achievements can together greatly increase uptake of a behavior change. However, our clinical experience has been in line with the inverse care law whereby those most in need of physical activity are least responsive to a text message intervention, which often addresses only 1 of these psychological tools. These patients often require more-intensive, patient-centric approaches focusing on increasing awareness and empowering patients alongside message reminders to achieve significant behavioral change as demonstrated by studies on factors for improving healthy eating in low-SES patient cohorts and increasing prescription medication compliance rates among patients.4,5
Aamra Ali S, Ali SO, Khan FA. Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(2):91–2.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
This statement is false. There is no mention in the letter to the editor of what the initiative uses to encourage physical activity therefore it cannot be known whether walking and running are the only activities promoted.
leah
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 22 Jun 2023 05:06:41
how is D false? the entirety of paragraph 3 talks about the steps tracking technique
Intrigued
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 06 Feb 2024 04:22:00
Could a medicmind tutor please - revise this question?
Laura
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 08 Feb 2024 05:06:55
The initiative they are explaining is the phone text messaging itself, and apart from this the author explains that steps per day isn't a good enough metric (and doesn't take in other exercise forms). So both it not being a part of the initiative and the fact it places minimal merit on step counting both say that that counting steps is heavily relied upon by the initiative, is wrong
Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity (1)
Syeda AamraAliSyed O.AliMB BChirFarhaan A.KhanMB BChir
We read with great interest the analysis by Smith et al.1 of the employment of text message interventions for the promotion of physical activity. We acknowledge the potential utility of text message interventions not only as a reminder but also as a flexible component of multipronged strategies for increasing physical activity. We would like to raise some points regarding the real-world applicability of these data in the clinical setting from our own experience as physicians.
Although 96% of American adults own a cell phone capable of receiving text messages, 1 factor to consider in the utility of text message interventions is the proportion of those adults who actually acknowledge or use this form of communication on a daily basis. This number is falling rapidly with the rise of app-based communication methods such as WhatsApp and WeChat, and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook2 and it is likely that reminders via such platforms may receive greater engagement.
We also note that for the purpose of reconciling studies, steps per day is used as a metric in many of the included studies. Although we recognize the value of this as a common outcome for combining studies, it likely does not represent many activity options. As clinicians, we frequently recommend swimming for patients with pain on weight-bearing or recovering from injury, and other activities such as cycling and yoga would not be covered by this measure.
In addition, the clinical purpose of exercise advice must be considered. While the United Kingdom’s National Health Service advises 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week for the average adult aged 19–64 years,3this is indicated as a primary prevention strategy. Smith and colleagues1 include studies on patients with existing obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes for whom such recommendations are made on a case-by-case basis clinically for secondary or tertiary prevention. There may be benefit from stratification of outcomes in the article by the goal of physical activity for each study, as this may account for differences in effect sizes as well as differences in motivation and compliance inherent to different subject cohorts.
As mentioned by Smith et al.,1 there are multiple psychological components to achieving a change in behavior such as physical activity. Educating individuals, motivating them, setting realistic and achievable goals, reminding frequently, and providing feedback on achievements can together greatly increase uptake of a behavior change. However, our clinical experience has been in line with the inverse care law whereby those most in need of physical activity are least responsive to a text message intervention, which often addresses only 1 of these psychological tools. These patients often require more-intensive, patient-centric approaches focusing on increasing awareness and empowering patients alongside message reminders to achieve significant behavioral change as demonstrated by studies on factors for improving healthy eating in low-SES patient cohorts and increasing prescription medication compliance rates among patients.4,5
Aamra Ali S, Ali SO, Khan FA. Real-World Considerations for Applicability of Text Message Interventions for Promotion of Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med. 2020;59(2):91–2.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
There is no evidence in the letter to the editor that statements a, b and d are correct. However, the letter does identify that other health promotion studies have been most effective when they have promoted health awareness and empowered populations.
Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity
Maali Said Mohammed 1, Sandra Sendra 2 3, Jaime Lloret 2, Ignacio Bosch 2
According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, one out of five adults worldwide will be obese by 2025. Worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In fact, more than 1.9 billion adults (39%) of 18 years and older were overweight and over 600 million (13%) of these were obese in 2014. 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2014. Obesity is a top public health problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews the main techniques to measure the level of obesity and body fat percentage, and explains the complications that can carry to the individual’s quality of life, longevity and the significant cost of healthcare systems. Researchers and developers are adapting the existing technology, as intelligent phones or some wearable gadgets to be used for controlling obesity. They include the promoting of healthy eating culture and adopting the physical activity lifestyle. The paper also shows a comprehensive study of the most used mobile applications and Wireless Body Area Networks focused on controlling the obesity and overweight. Finally, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight.
Said Mohammed M, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity. J Healthc Engl. 2018;FEB(1).
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
The abstract describes a rapid and significant rise in obesity rates, this is most clearly demonstrated by statement d. Additionally, the other statements contain information that is not supported by the abstract.
James
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 12 Jan 2022 01:55:13
It literally says that obesity doubles, and there is no mention of exponential growth in the abstract, therefore shouldn't C be the correct answer?
Russell
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 11 May 2022 21:01:47
It says obesity has doubled? How is this not true?
Meg
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 27 Oct 2022 13:18:33
Answer C states "adult worldwide obesity" has doubled. The article states "worldwide obesity" has doubled. This would also include children, which answer C does not mention. We can't assume that adult obesity itself has doubled since 1980 from the article.
Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity
Maali Said Mohammed 1, Sandra Sendra 2 3, Jaime Lloret 2, Ignacio Bosch 2
According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, one out of five adults worldwide will be obese by 2025. Worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In fact, more than 1.9 billion adults (39%) of 18 years and older were overweight and over 600 million (13%) of these were obese in 2014. 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2014. Obesity is a top public health problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews the main techniques to measure the level of obesity and body fat percentage, and explains the complications that can carry to the individual’s quality of life, longevity and the significant cost of healthcare systems. Researchers and developers are adapting the existing technology, as intelligent phones or some wearable gadgets to be used for controlling obesity. They include the promoting of healthy eating culture and adopting the physical activity lifestyle. The paper also shows a comprehensive study of the most used mobile applications and Wireless Body Area Networks focused on controlling the obesity and overweight. Finally, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight.
Said Mohammed M, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity. J Healthc Engl. 2018;FEB(1).
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
The sentence relating to the measurement of obesity and body fat percentage must be read carefully by the candidate. They may read it to mean that the current measurement strategies impact upon quality of life, longevity and healthcare systems but it is the impacts of obesity and body fat percentage on these things to which the sentence pertains. Therefore, a is a false statement.
waqas
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 07 Mar 2023 11:47:06
the option D:there is no line 14, so how is that not false?
Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity
Maali Said Mohammed 1, Sandra Sendra 2 3, Jaime Lloret 2, Ignacio Bosch 2
According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, one out of five adults worldwide will be obese by 2025. Worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In fact, more than 1.9 billion adults (39%) of 18 years and older were overweight and over 600 million (13%) of these were obese in 2014. 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2014. Obesity is a top public health problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews the main techniques to measure the level of obesity and body fat percentage, and explains the complications that can carry to the individual’s quality of life, longevity and the significant cost of healthcare systems. Researchers and developers are adapting the existing technology, as intelligent phones or some wearable gadgets to be used for controlling obesity. They include the promoting of healthy eating culture and adopting the physical activity lifestyle. The paper also shows a comprehensive study of the most used mobile applications and Wireless Body Area Networks focused on controlling the obesity and overweight. Finally, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight.
Said Mohammed M, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity. J Healthc Engl. 2018;FEB(1).
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The paper concludes with “this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight”. This most aligns with statement b.
JK
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 15 Aug 2022 19:15:16
Based on the explained conclusion, shouldn't that most align with D?
VF
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 01 Oct 2022 09:22:42
the walkthrough says that D is right, the passage doesnt offer a "robust intervention" to obesity
JB
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 21 Jun 2023 13:03:07
the explanation doesnt make sense - it justifys d being the answer
LT
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 11 Dec 2023 21:20:50
I agree with D
Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity
Maali Said Mohammed 1, Sandra Sendra 2 3, Jaime Lloret 2, Ignacio Bosch 2
According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, one out of five adults worldwide will be obese by 2025. Worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In fact, more than 1.9 billion adults (39%) of 18 years and older were overweight and over 600 million (13%) of these were obese in 2014. 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2014. Obesity is a top public health problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews the main techniques to measure the level of obesity and body fat percentage, and explains the complications that can carry to the individual’s quality of life, longevity and the significant cost of healthcare systems. Researchers and developers are adapting the existing technology, as intelligent phones or some wearable gadgets to be used for controlling obesity. They include the promoting of healthy eating culture and adopting the physical activity lifestyle. The paper also shows a comprehensive study of the most used mobile applications and Wireless Body Area Networks focused on controlling the obesity and overweight. Finally, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight.
Said Mohammed M, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for Controlling Obesity. J Healthc Engl. 2018;FEB(1).
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Obesity is evidenced to be multifaceted due to the discussion of a need to tackle both the cognitive and physiological aspects of it for an intervention to be effective. The multiple impacts are expressed clearly in the abstract.
Proverbs
“Dig the well before you are thirsty.” Asian Proverb
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
You need to be prepared for what could happen, prepare before an event occurs.
Proverbs
“He who strikes first, strikes twice.” Latin America Proverb
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The one who moves first and takes advantage of an opportunity before someone else gains greater benefit from it.
Proverbs
“An army of sheep lead by a lion would defeat an army of lions lead by a sheep.” Arabic proverb
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
An army is most successful when it is lead by someone with strong leadership qualities, it does not matter how strong the army is if they have poor leadership they won’t succeed.
Ryan
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:19:07
The proverb only compares weak leadership to strong leadership. It does not mention other qualities for success, so it cannot be inferred that leadership is the most important quality for success. Thus, answer B cannot be justified. Answer A is the most correct answer, as it relates strong leadership to success, as does the proverb.
Proverbs
“An army of sheep lead by a lion would defeat an army of lions lead by a sheep.” Arabic proverb
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
A continuous theme of success and victory over a challenge is present in all the quotes.
waqas
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 07 Mar 2023 11:55:19
but there is only one quote? am I missing something?
Marwa
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 30 May 2023 10:27:55
There is only 1 proverb in this question.
nic22
Medicmind Tutor
Sun, 20 Aug 2023 12:59:25
there is only one quote please edit the question
Comments
“To educate a person in the mind but not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” – Theodore Roosevelt.
“Most of the evil in this world is done by people with good intentions.” – T.S. Elliot
“Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world” – Nelson Mandela
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Theodore Roosevelt does not communicate a lack of functioning in society if people have no morals. He does however communicate a threat and danger to society. C is the correct answer.
Comments
“To educate a person in the mind but not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” – Theodore Roosevelt.
“Most of the evil in this world is done by people with good intentions.” – T.S. Elliot
“Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world” – Nelson Mandela
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
There is no evidence to support statement D nor is there the sense that statement C is true. A and B are both viable options but it is not clear that doing evil is part of the outcome for doing good thus A is incorrect.
istp
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 23 Feb 2023 10:58:42
wait what.... "most" of the evil being done by people with good intentions implies there is a section of evil being done WITHOUT good intentions. therefore, how can the statement "EVERYONE" believes that what they are doing is good" be correct? because there's a portion of beings that probably know they're not doing good...
Chelsie
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 10 Jul 2023 06:05:05
I agree with the comment below. If answer B had said "most" instead of "everyone" then I could agree, but the fact that the original statement specifically say's "most" means the speaker knew that NOT everyone means to do good. Directly contradicting the 'correct' answer
Comments
“To educate a person in the mind but not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” – Theodore Roosevelt.
“Most of the evil in this world is done by people with good intentions.” – T.S. Elliot
“Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world” – Nelson Mandela
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Though education is described as a weapon it cannot be argued that Mandela views it as dangerous. Due to his support for education it is unlikely Mandela would support the view that education should be a privilege, statement A is the opposite of this and more likely to be agreed with by Mandela than B which cannot be evidenced.
d
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 11 Mar 2023 15:41:50
Doesn't make sense either, consider the corollary to his commen0t: without education no one can change the world, ergo if no one can change the world, i.e. make progress, the world will regress...
LT
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 11 Dec 2023 21:23:04
That is way too much extrapolation?
Comments
“To educate a person in the mind but not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” – Theodore Roosevelt.
“Most of the evil in this world is done by people with good intentions.” – T.S. Elliot
“Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world” – Nelson Mandela
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Education is evident in all of the quotes. Society is identified in the all three of the quotes but all in different ways so commenting on society as a theme makes B correct. Furthermore, mortality is described by commenting on good and evil and positively changing the world.
Peer effects of friend and extracurricular activity networks on students’ academic performance
Authors: Hideki Fujiyama, Yoshinori Kamo, Marc Schafer Social Science Research
Relationships with peers are critical for many aspects of adolescent development, including academic outcomes. Incorporating social control, social learning, and social capital theories, we investigated connections between two types of peer networks, close friends and extracurricular activity (ECA) members, and students’ own academic performance. Social learning and bonding social capital perspectives posit that close friends should have a symmetrical effect, either beneficial or harmful, because they exert strong influences on adolescents. By contrast, social control and bridging/linking social capital perspectives suggest that ECA member influences should be asymmetrical as they amplify benefits from higher-performing ECA peers and minimize harmful influences from lower-performing ones. We used Add Health data to test our hypotheses. We found that the average friend GPA was positively associated (in the same direction) with student GPA, while ECA member GPAs were, as hypothesized, asymmetrically linked to student GPA. We discussed implications for educators and future research.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
The study is looking at the effects different peer groups have upon student’s academic performance, there is a lack of evidence to support the other statements.
Peer effects of friend and extracurricular activity networks on students’ academic performance
Authors: Hideki Fujiyama, Yoshinori Kamo, Marc Schafer Social Science Research
Relationships with peers are critical for many aspects of adolescent development, including academic outcomes. Incorporating social control, social learning, and social capital theories, we investigated connections between two types of peer networks, close friends and extracurricular activity (ECA) members, and students’ own academic performance. Social learning and bonding social capital perspectives posit that close friends should have a symmetrical effect, either beneficial or harmful, because they exert strong influences on adolescents. By contrast, social control and bridging/linking social capital perspectives suggest that ECA member influences should be asymmetrical as they amplify benefits from higher-performing ECA peers and minimize harmful influences from lower-performing ones. We used Add Health data to test our hypotheses. We found that the average friend GPA was positively associated (in the same direction) with student GPA, while ECA member GPAs were, as hypothesized, asymmetrically linked to student GPA. We discussed implications for educators and future research.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
The abstract states that students were being assessed using their GPA scores.
Peer effects of friend and extracurricular activity networks on students’ academic performance
Authors: Hideki Fujiyama, Yoshinori Kamo, Marc Schafer Social Science Research
Relationships with peers are critical for many aspects of adolescent development, including academic outcomes. Incorporating social control, social learning, and social capital theories, we investigated connections between two types of peer networks, close friends and extracurricular activity (ECA) members, and students’ own academic performance. Social learning and bonding social capital perspectives posit that close friends should have a symmetrical effect, either beneficial or harmful, because they exert strong influences on adolescents. By contrast, social control and bridging/linking social capital perspectives suggest that ECA member influences should be asymmetrical as they amplify benefits from higher-performing ECA peers and minimize harmful influences from lower-performing ones. We used Add Health data to test our hypotheses. We found that the average friend GPA was positively associated (in the same direction) with student GPA, while ECA member GPAs were, as hypothesized, asymmetrically linked to student GPA. We discussed implications for educators and future research.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Whilst all of the statements may be correct and could be agreed with by the authors of this paper, statement B is that which they are most likely to strongly agree with. Statement B is most supported by what is written in the abstract.
Peer effects of friend and extracurricular activity networks on students’ academic performance
Authors: Hideki Fujiyama, Yoshinori Kamo, Marc Schafer Social Science Research
Relationships with peers are critical for many aspects of adolescent development, including academic outcomes. Incorporating social control, social learning, and social capital theories, we investigated connections between two types of peer networks, close friends and extracurricular activity (ECA) members, and students’ own academic performance. Social learning and bonding social capital perspectives posit that close friends should have a symmetrical effect, either beneficial or harmful, because they exert strong influences on adolescents. By contrast, social control and bridging/linking social capital perspectives suggest that ECA member influences should be asymmetrical as they amplify benefits from higher-performing ECA peers and minimize harmful influences from lower-performing ones. We used Add Health data to test our hypotheses. We found that the average friend GPA was positively associated (in the same direction) with student GPA, while ECA member GPAs were, as hypothesized, asymmetrically linked to student GPA. We discussed implications for educators and future research.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Candidates may find the language of the abstract confusing but the conclusion of the study is that there is no clear relationship between GPA scores between the members of an extra curricular activity peer group.
Laura
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 08 Feb 2024 05:28:29
Wouldn't the average friend GPA being positively associated, mean that in linking to hypothesis, that poor friends lead to lower GPA? Thereby B being correct?
hayley
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 19 Mar 2024 03:58:18
?
Acting Alone: exploring by-stander engagement through performer/audience relationship
Ava Hun Research in drama education journal
Acting Alone: a solo performance that explored how social and political engagement in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict might be created through the performer/audience relationship. Drawing on practice as research and data gathered from an extensive tour, this article examines the complexities of creating human rights theatre for a by-stander or tritagonist audience to create engagement, discourse, and agency. Acting Alone used verbatim and autobiographical material to create a theatrical immediacy through which the audience, as by-standers, were invited to cross the dramaturgical divide to engage actively in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict exploring the question – can one person make a difference?
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
The author clearly articulates they are undertaking this performance piece to encourage by-standers to engage with the conflict.
Acting Alone: exploring by-stander engagement through performer/audience relationship
Ava Hun Research in drama education journal
Acting Alone: a solo performance that explored how social and political engagement in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict might be created through the performer/audience relationship. Drawing on practice as research and data gathered from an extensive tour, this article examines the complexities of creating human rights theatre for a by-stander or tritagonist audience to create engagement, discourse, and agency. Acting Alone used verbatim and autobiographical material to create a theatrical immediacy through which the audience, as by-standers, were invited to cross the dramaturgical divide to engage actively in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict exploring the question – can one person make a difference?
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
A tritagonist is someone of the third most importance, they fall after the protagonist and deuteragonist. From the abstract it can be concluded that statement D is unsupported and it also does not fit for tritagonist to be defined by statement B. Candidates should be choosing between A and C and should reason that C is correct based on the importance of the audience in this study.
Acting Alone: exploring by-stander engagement through performer/audience relationship
Ava Hun Research in drama education journal
Acting Alone: a solo performance that explored how social and political engagement in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict might be created through the performer/audience relationship. Drawing on practice as research and data gathered from an extensive tour, this article examines the complexities of creating human rights theatre for a by-stander or tritagonist audience to create engagement, discourse, and agency. Acting Alone used verbatim and autobiographical material to create a theatrical immediacy through which the audience, as by-standers, were invited to cross the dramaturgical divide to engage actively in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict exploring the question – can one person make a difference?
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
The author states they would use autobiographical material, therefore the true stories of those affected by the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. The autobiographical material use rules out option C. The audience are identified to be by standers and therefore option A is incorrect. There is no evidence that movies and pictures will be used.
Acting Alone: exploring by-stander engagement through performer/audience relationship
Ava Hun Research in drama education journal
Acting Alone: a solo performance that explored how social and political engagement in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict might be created through the performer/audience relationship. Drawing on practice as research and data gathered from an extensive tour, this article examines the complexities of creating human rights theatre for a by-stander or tritagonist audience to create engagement, discourse, and agency. Acting Alone used verbatim and autobiographical material to create a theatrical immediacy through which the audience, as by-standers, were invited to cross the dramaturgical divide to engage actively in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict exploring the question – can one person make a difference?
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Considering the abstract it is clear the author is seeking to invite the audience into the performance therefore statement B is correct.
Politics and the English language – George Orwell
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language – so the argument runs – must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Orwell is clearly critiquing the changes in language that are occurring. The other options are unsupported by the excerpt.
Politics and the English language – George Orwell
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language – so the argument runs – must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Orwell communicates rage and frustration over the decline in the English language.
Liv
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 26 Jan 2022 04:22:17
Rage is a powerful and unrestrained emotion. The sentences are articulate and without any punctuation that indicates rage. He is frustrated for sure, but rage does not seem to apply here.
vf
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 01 Oct 2022 09:29:02
he is most defininetly despondent. there is nothing stated that alludes to his enragement of the misuse of english. it is rather a mild pity
istp
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 23 Feb 2023 11:05:25
agreeing with Liv here. He's too articulate for this to be "rage", but the aggression in his tone indicates definite HOSTILITY towards the state of humanity. he DISLIKES IT, he opposes it, and he's definitely not friendly about it. He is not despondent, the reason being the hopeful sentence at the end, indicating it's reversible (despite the fact that " it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about"). Imagine expressing your concerns in such a eloquent and accurate way, as well as imply a potential solution, to then be labelled as with "rage"... whoever gave this answer has perhaps not seen those with actual anger issues... the very definition of rage implies "uncontrollable".
Politics and the English language – George Orwell
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language – so the argument runs – must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
From the tone of the passage the reader should infer that this statement pertains to emotions and those whom are opposed to the changes that the English language is undergoing. There is no evidence to support statements A, B or C.
Politics and the English language – George Orwell
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language – so the argument runs – must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Orwell communicates that as civilisation changes and evolves there has been a decline in the quality of language which Orwell attributes to the laziness of the population.
Politics and the English language – George Orwell
Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language – so the argument runs – must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an instrument which we shape for our own purposes.
Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is reversible.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
In the passage Orwell expresses frustration at the changes the English language is undergoing but also communicates a seeming acceptance of this, perceiving it to be impossible to change the language back to what it once was. The other three statements contain inaccuracies and are unsupported by the passage.
Liv
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 26 Jan 2022 04:23:40
The final sentence literally says "The point is that the process is reversible".
Dillon
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 06 Aug 2022 16:48:53
Just want to reiterate what the other comment said. The final line literally says the "process is reversible", the exact opposite of what the correct answer states. Maybe I just don't get it but I would like some clarification in the explanation.
waqas
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 07 Mar 2023 12:28:22
i agree the last sentence is clearly saying that it is reversible?
j
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 11 Mar 2023 15:45:16
No wonder these are free
Beggars in London – George Orwell
Any visitor to London must have noticed the large number of beggars one comes across in the streets. These unfortunates, often crippled or blind, can be seen all over the capital. You might say they are part of the scenery. In some areas one can see every three or four yards a sickly, ragged, tattered character standing at the kerb carrying a tray of matches which he is pretending to sell. Others sing some popular song in a weary voice. Others, again, make discordant sounds with any old musical instrument. They are all without exception beggars who have lost their livelihood because of unemployment and are now reduced to seeking the charity of passers-by in a more or less open fashion.
How many are there in London? No-one knows exactly, probably several thousand. Perhaps ten thousand in the worst part of the year. Anyway, it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine. Among these down and outs, some have suffered industrial injuries, others years of their lives to the war that was supposed ‘to end wars’ instead of learning a well-paid trade, and found, when they returned home, that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging. They have no unemployment insurance; or, if they did have, the period of twenty-six weeks laid down by law for which they could draw unemployment benefit has elapsed before they could find work.
In this confraternity, where old men rub shoulders with young men who are little more than adolescents, there are relatively few women. The beggars, like the tramps I described in my last article, vary tremendously in their origins, in their character and in the trades they followed in more prosperous times, but they are all alike in their filth, their rags, their invariable air of wretchedness.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Orwell writes about the beggars in London with a neutral tone and does not seek to embarrass them thus ruling out D. The beggars are not presented as threatening or dangerous thus ruling out B. Answer D is more correct that A as it takes into account the lives of beggars.
Cory
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 22 Feb 2023 22:27:25
The explanation states 'thus ruling out D,' but also that the correct answer is D. It then proceeds to state that 'Answer D is more correct that A as it takes into account the lives of beggars.' This this needs a bit of cleaning up.
Beggars in London – George Orwell
Any visitor to London must have noticed the large number of beggars one comes across in the streets. These unfortunates, often crippled or blind, can be seen all over the capital. You might say they are part of the scenery. In some areas one can see every three or four yards a sickly, ragged, tattered character standing at the kerb carrying a tray of matches which he is pretending to sell. Others sing some popular song in a weary voice. Others, again, make discordant sounds with any old musical instrument. They are all without exception beggars who have lost their livelihood because of unemployment and are now reduced to seeking the charity of passers-by in a more or less open fashion.
How many are there in London? No-one knows exactly, probably several thousand. Perhaps ten thousand in the worst part of the year. Anyway, it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine. Among these down and outs, some have suffered industrial injuries, others years of their lives to the war that was supposed ‘to end wars’ instead of learning a well-paid trade, and found, when they returned home, that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging. They have no unemployment insurance; or, if they did have, the period of twenty-six weeks laid down by law for which they could draw unemployment benefit has elapsed before they could find work.
In this confraternity, where old men rub shoulders with young men who are little more than adolescents, there are relatively few women. The beggars, like the tramps I described in my last article, vary tremendously in their origins, in their character and in the trades they followed in more prosperous times, but they are all alike in their filth, their rags, their invariable air of wretchedness.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
There is no evidence of hostility throughout the excerpt. Orwell writes in a neutral tone when discussing the beggars, he does not convey pity towards them. The passage is more designed to educate than to incite emotion.
Mike
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 20 Jul 2022 04:36:34
He says "that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging". The word 'grateful' is sarcasm, it suggests that Orwell is understanding of the disservice their country has given to beggars. Appears more pitiful than 'neutral' or 'unemotive'.
Sarah
Medicmind Tutor
Sun, 04 Sep 2022 01:15:43
I agree with the comment here from Mike - wouldn't the use of strong adjectives such as 'wretchedness' and 'filth' in the final lines express some level of emotion?
istp
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 23 Feb 2023 11:10:40
Orwell's relatively restrained passage about the english language has been labelled as with "rage", and THIS has been labelled as neutral and unemotive? What's going on here .
Beggars in London – George Orwell
Any visitor to London must have noticed the large number of beggars one comes across in the streets. These unfortunates, often crippled or blind, can be seen all over the capital. You might say they are part of the scenery. In some areas one can see every three or four yards a sickly, ragged, tattered character standing at the kerb carrying a tray of matches which he is pretending to sell. Others sing some popular song in a weary voice. Others, again, make discordant sounds with any old musical instrument. They are all without exception beggars who have lost their livelihood because of unemployment and are now reduced to seeking the charity of passers-by in a more or less open fashion.
How many are there in London? No-one knows exactly, probably several thousand. Perhaps ten thousand in the worst part of the year. Anyway, it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine. Among these down and outs, some have suffered industrial injuries, others years of their lives to the war that was supposed ‘to end wars’ instead of learning a well-paid trade, and found, when they returned home, that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging. They have no unemployment insurance; or, if they did have, the period of twenty-six weeks laid down by law for which they could draw unemployment benefit has elapsed before they could find work.
In this confraternity, where old men rub shoulders with young men who are little more than adolescents, there are relatively few women. The beggars, like the tramps I described in my last article, vary tremendously in their origins, in their character and in the trades they followed in more prosperous times, but they are all alike in their filth, their rags, their invariable air of wretchedness.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The line is promoting the idea that beggars are living at the fault of the public and are being directly harmed by them.
Sam
Medicmind Tutor
Tue, 08 Feb 2022 06:46:19
The sentence is saying the beggar is living at the expense of other members so wouldn't the beggar be the one causing the harm?
gf
Medicmind Tutor
Sat, 01 Oct 2022 09:32:24
how is it not D, Orwell is educating the majority of the prevalence of beggars
Madison Roberts
Medicmind Tutor
Mon, 13 Mar 2023 02:56:30
To be 'living at the expense of' another person means to be a drain on them, thus the answer should either be C or D as those are the only options which imply the beggars are having a negative impact on society, according to Orwell. This line in isolation does not express B or A.
-
Medicmind Tutor
Fri, 12 Apr 2024 12:32:46
"it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine" Orwell is talking about one "beggar" amongst "four hundred londoners". so i personally took it as him suggesting that one person is living at the expense of many others resulting in them becoming beggars and suffering in hardship.
Beggars in London – George Orwell
Any visitor to London must have noticed the large number of beggars one comes across in the streets. These unfortunates, often crippled or blind, can be seen all over the capital. You might say they are part of the scenery. In some areas one can see every three or four yards a sickly, ragged, tattered character standing at the kerb carrying a tray of matches which he is pretending to sell. Others sing some popular song in a weary voice. Others, again, make discordant sounds with any old musical instrument. They are all without exception beggars who have lost their livelihood because of unemployment and are now reduced to seeking the charity of passers-by in a more or less open fashion.
How many are there in London? No-one knows exactly, probably several thousand. Perhaps ten thousand in the worst part of the year. Anyway, it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine. Among these down and outs, some have suffered industrial injuries, others years of their lives to the war that was supposed ‘to end wars’ instead of learning a well-paid trade, and found, when they returned home, that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging. They have no unemployment insurance; or, if they did have, the period of twenty-six weeks laid down by law for which they could draw unemployment benefit has elapsed before they could find work.
In this confraternity, where old men rub shoulders with young men who are little more than adolescents, there are relatively few women. The beggars, like the tramps I described in my last article, vary tremendously in their origins, in their character and in the trades they followed in more prosperous times, but they are all alike in their filth, their rags, their invariable air of wretchedness.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Orwell describes multiple causes throughout the excerpt for someone’s change in life circumstances to become a beggar.
Beggars in London – George Orwell
Any visitor to London must have noticed the large number of beggars one comes across in the streets. These unfortunates, often crippled or blind, can be seen all over the capital. You might say they are part of the scenery. In some areas one can see every three or four yards a sickly, ragged, tattered character standing at the kerb carrying a tray of matches which he is pretending to sell. Others sing some popular song in a weary voice. Others, again, make discordant sounds with any old musical instrument. They are all without exception beggars who have lost their livelihood because of unemployment and are now reduced to seeking the charity of passers-by in a more or less open fashion.
How many are there in London? No-one knows exactly, probably several thousand. Perhaps ten thousand in the worst part of the year. Anyway, it is likely that among every four hundred Londoners there is one beggar who is living at the expense of the other three hundred and ninety-nine. Among these down and outs, some have suffered industrial injuries, others years of their lives to the war that was supposed ‘to end wars’ instead of learning a well-paid trade, and found, when they returned home, that their grateful country had rewarded their services by offering them nothing except the choice between a slow death through starvation and begging. They have no unemployment insurance; or, if they did have, the period of twenty-six weeks laid down by law for which they could draw unemployment benefit has elapsed before they could find work.
In this confraternity, where old men rub shoulders with young men who are little more than adolescents, there are relatively few women. The beggars, like the tramps I described in my last article, vary tremendously in their origins, in their character and in the trades they followed in more prosperous times, but they are all alike in their filth, their rags, their invariable air of wretchedness.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Orwell highlights the beggars as being alike in their appearance and circumstances but throughout the essay he highlights that they are unique in regards to their personal circumstances that resulted in them becoming beggars and what they do on the streets.
Designing and Undertaking a Health Economics Study of Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Paul McNamee, Elizabeth Murray, Michael P Kelly, Laura Bojke, Jim Chilcott, Alastair Fischer, Robery West, Lucy Yardley.
Medicine Vol 51 Issue 5
This paper introduces and discusses key issues in the economic evaluation of digital health interventions. The purpose is to stimulate debate so that existing economic techniques may be refined or new methods developed. The paper does not seek to provide definitive guidance on appropriate methods of economic analysis for digital health interventions.
This paper describes existing guides and analytic frameworks that have been suggested for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Using selected examples of digital health interventions, it assesses how well existing guides and frameworks align to digital health interventions. It shows that digital health interventions may be best characterized as complex interventions in complex systems. Key features of complexity relate to intervention complexity, outcome complexity, and causal pathway complexity, with much of this driven by iterative intervention development over time and uncertainty regarding likely reach of the interventions among the relevant population. These characteristics imply that more-complex methods of economic evaluation are likely to be better able to capture fully the impact of the intervention on costs and benefits over the appropriate time horizon. This complexity includes wider measurement of costs and benefits, and a modeling framework that is able to capture dynamic interactions among the intervention, the population of interest, and the environment. The authors recommend that future research should develop and apply more-flexible modeling techniques to allow better prediction of the interdependency between interventions and important environmental influences.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Candidates need to pay specific attention to the first 8 lines to answer this question and be careful of misunderstanding the aim of the article.
Designing and Undertaking a Health Economics Study of Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Paul McNamee, Elizabeth Murray, Michael P Kelly, Laura Bojke, Jim Chilcott, Alastair Fischer, Robery West, Lucy Yardley.
Medicine Vol 51 Issue 5
This paper introduces and discusses key issues in the economic evaluation of digital health interventions. The purpose is to stimulate debate so that existing economic techniques may be refined or new methods developed. The paper does not seek to provide definitive guidance on appropriate methods of economic analysis for digital health interventions.
This paper describes existing guides and analytic frameworks that have been suggested for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Using selected examples of digital health interventions, it assesses how well existing guides and frameworks align to digital health interventions. It shows that digital health interventions may be best characterized as complex interventions in complex systems. Key features of complexity relate to intervention complexity, outcome complexity, and causal pathway complexity, with much of this driven by iterative intervention development over time and uncertainty regarding likely reach of the interventions among the relevant population. These characteristics imply that more-complex methods of economic evaluation are likely to be better able to capture fully the impact of the intervention on costs and benefits over the appropriate time horizon. This complexity includes wider measurement of costs and benefits, and a modeling framework that is able to capture dynamic interactions among the intervention, the population of interest, and the environment. The authors recommend that future research should develop and apply more-flexible modeling techniques to allow better prediction of the interdependency between interventions and important environmental influences.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
Though all the statements may on the surface seem correct statement B is most in line with what the authors conclude from the study. Candidates need to read the options carefully.
Designing and Undertaking a Health Economics Study of Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Paul McNamee, Elizabeth Murray, Michael P Kelly, Laura Bojke, Jim Chilcott, Alastair Fischer, Robery West, Lucy Yardley.
Medicine Vol 51 Issue 5
This paper introduces and discusses key issues in the economic evaluation of digital health interventions. The purpose is to stimulate debate so that existing economic techniques may be refined or new methods developed. The paper does not seek to provide definitive guidance on appropriate methods of economic analysis for digital health interventions.
This paper describes existing guides and analytic frameworks that have been suggested for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Using selected examples of digital health interventions, it assesses how well existing guides and frameworks align to digital health interventions. It shows that digital health interventions may be best characterized as complex interventions in complex systems. Key features of complexity relate to intervention complexity, outcome complexity, and causal pathway complexity, with much of this driven by iterative intervention development over time and uncertainty regarding likely reach of the interventions among the relevant population. These characteristics imply that more-complex methods of economic evaluation are likely to be better able to capture fully the impact of the intervention on costs and benefits over the appropriate time horizon. This complexity includes wider measurement of costs and benefits, and a modeling framework that is able to capture dynamic interactions among the intervention, the population of interest, and the environment. The authors recommend that future research should develop and apply more-flexible modeling techniques to allow better prediction of the interdependency between interventions and important environmental influences.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
The abstract outlines that economic evaluation of digital health interventions is a complex matter as these interventions are being employed in a complex setting, intricacy is a synonym for complexity.
Designing and Undertaking a Health Economics Study of Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Paul McNamee, Elizabeth Murray, Michael P Kelly, Laura Bojke, Jim Chilcott, Alastair Fischer, Robery West, Lucy Yardley.
Medicine Vol 51 Issue 5
This paper introduces and discusses key issues in the economic evaluation of digital health interventions. The purpose is to stimulate debate so that existing economic techniques may be refined or new methods developed. The paper does not seek to provide definitive guidance on appropriate methods of economic analysis for digital health interventions.
This paper describes existing guides and analytic frameworks that have been suggested for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Using selected examples of digital health interventions, it assesses how well existing guides and frameworks align to digital health interventions. It shows that digital health interventions may be best characterized as complex interventions in complex systems. Key features of complexity relate to intervention complexity, outcome complexity, and causal pathway complexity, with much of this driven by iterative intervention development over time and uncertainty regarding likely reach of the interventions among the relevant population. These characteristics imply that more-complex methods of economic evaluation are likely to be better able to capture fully the impact of the intervention on costs and benefits over the appropriate time horizon. This complexity includes wider measurement of costs and benefits, and a modeling framework that is able to capture dynamic interactions among the intervention, the population of interest, and the environment. The authors recommend that future research should develop and apply more-flexible modeling techniques to allow better prediction of the interdependency between interventions and important environmental influences.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
The abstract clearly identifies the need for evaluations to take into account all aspects of the complexity of economics and therefore a simplistic framework is not what is required.
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study
Authors: David Turner, Rebecca Fong Soe Khioe, Lee Shepstone, Elizabeth Lenaghan, Cyrus Cooper, Neil Gittoes, Nicholas C Harvey, Richard Holland, Amanda Howe, Eugene McCloskey, Terence W O’Neill, David Torgerson, Richard Fordham, SCOOP Study Team.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
The SCOOP study was a two‐arm randomized controlled trial conducted in the UK in 12,483 eligible women aged 70 to 85 years. It compared a screening program using the FRAX® risk assessment tool in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measures versus usual management. The SCOOP study found a reduction in the incidence of hip fractures in the screening arm, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the incidence of all osteoporosis‐related fractures. To make decisions about whether to implement any screening program, we should also consider whether the program is likely to be a good use of health care resources, ie, is it cost‐effective? The cost per gained quality adjusted life year of screening for fracture risk has not previously been demonstrated in an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial. We conducted a “within trial” economic analysis alongside the SCOOP study from the perspective of a national health payer, the UK National Health Service (NHS). The main outcome measure in the economic analysis was the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained over a 5‐year time period. We also estimated cost per osteoporosis‐related fracture prevented and the cost per hip fracture prevented. The screening arm had an average incremental QALY gain of 0.0237 (95% confidence interval –0.0034 to 0.0508) for the 5‐year follow‐up. The incremental cost per QALY gained was £2772 compared with the control arm. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves indicated a 93% probability of the intervention being cost‐effective at values of a QALY greater than £20,000. The intervention arm prevented fractures at a cost of £4478 and £7694 per fracture for osteoporosis‐related and hip fractures, respectively. The current study demonstrates that a systematic, community‐based screening program of fracture risk in older women in the UK represents a highly cost‐effective intervention.
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Of the statements above the most correct statement is A. There is no evidence to support the other statements if candidates read the abstract for the article and the statements carefully.
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study
Authors: David Turner, Rebecca Fong Soe Khioe, Lee Shepstone, Elizabeth Lenaghan, Cyrus Cooper, Neil Gittoes, Nicholas C Harvey, Richard Holland, Amanda Howe, Eugene McCloskey, Terence W O’Neill, David Torgerson, Richard Fordham, SCOOP Study Team.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
The SCOOP study was a two‐arm randomized controlled trial conducted in the UK in 12,483 eligible women aged 70 to 85 years. It compared a screening program using the FRAX® risk assessment tool in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measures versus usual management. The SCOOP study found a reduction in the incidence of hip fractures in the screening arm, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the incidence of all osteoporosis‐related fractures. To make decisions about whether to implement any screening program, we should also consider whether the program is likely to be a good use of health care resources, ie, is it cost‐effective? The cost per gained quality adjusted life year of screening for fracture risk has not previously been demonstrated in an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial. We conducted a “within trial” economic analysis alongside the SCOOP study from the perspective of a national health payer, the UK National Health Service (NHS). The main outcome measure in the economic analysis was the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained over a 5‐year time period. We also estimated cost per osteoporosis‐related fracture prevented and the cost per hip fracture prevented. The screening arm had an average incremental QALY gain of 0.0237 (95% confidence interval –0.0034 to 0.0508) for the 5‐year follow‐up. The incremental cost per QALY gained was £2772 compared with the control arm. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves indicated a 93% probability of the intervention being cost‐effective at values of a QALY greater than £20,000. The intervention arm prevented fractures at a cost of £4478 and £7694 per fracture for osteoporosis‐related and hip fractures, respectively. The current study demonstrates that a systematic, community‐based screening program of fracture risk in older women in the UK represents a highly cost‐effective intervention.
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
The conclusion of the study is clear that the community-based screening program has been highly cost-effective. The other statements are unsupported by the conclusion of the article.
vf
Medicmind Tutor
Thu, 05 Jan 2023 16:52:17
why is it not b?
A
Medicmind Tutor
Wed, 06 Sep 2023 05:33:43
I think words are being misused... I would still argue that B is the correct answer given that we are talking about COST-EFFECTIVENESS and not COST-EFFICACY
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study
Authors: David Turner, Rebecca Fong Soe Khioe, Lee Shepstone, Elizabeth Lenaghan, Cyrus Cooper, Neil Gittoes, Nicholas C Harvey, Richard Holland, Amanda Howe, Eugene McCloskey, Terence W O’Neill, David Torgerson, Richard Fordham, SCOOP Study Team.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
The SCOOP study was a two‐arm randomized controlled trial conducted in the UK in 12,483 eligible women aged 70 to 85 years. It compared a screening program using the FRAX® risk assessment tool in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measures versus usual management. The SCOOP study found a reduction in the incidence of hip fractures in the screening arm, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the incidence of all osteoporosis‐related fractures. To make decisions about whether to implement any screening program, we should also consider whether the program is likely to be a good use of health care resources, ie, is it cost‐effective? The cost per gained quality adjusted life year of screening for fracture risk has not previously been demonstrated in an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial. We conducted a “within trial” economic analysis alongside the SCOOP study from the perspective of a national health payer, the UK National Health Service (NHS). The main outcome measure in the economic analysis was the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained over a 5‐year time period. We also estimated cost per osteoporosis‐related fracture prevented and the cost per hip fracture prevented. The screening arm had an average incremental QALY gain of 0.0237 (95% confidence interval –0.0034 to 0.0508) for the 5‐year follow‐up. The incremental cost per QALY gained was £2772 compared with the control arm. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves indicated a 93% probability of the intervention being cost‐effective at values of a QALY greater than £20,000. The intervention arm prevented fractures at a cost of £4478 and £7694 per fracture for osteoporosis‐related and hip fractures, respectively. The current study demonstrates that a systematic, community‐based screening program of fracture risk in older women in the UK represents a highly cost‐effective intervention.
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
The study states that the main outcome measure is cost per QALY over a 5-year period thus making option B the correct choice.
The Cost‐Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study
Authors: David Turner, Rebecca Fong Soe Khioe, Lee Shepstone, Elizabeth Lenaghan, Cyrus Cooper, Neil Gittoes, Nicholas C Harvey, Richard Holland, Amanda Howe, Eugene McCloskey, Terence W O’Neill, David Torgerson, Richard Fordham, SCOOP Study Team.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
The SCOOP study was a two‐arm randomized controlled trial conducted in the UK in 12,483 eligible women aged 70 to 85 years. It compared a screening program using the FRAX® risk assessment tool in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) measures versus usual management. The SCOOP study found a reduction in the incidence of hip fractures in the screening arm, but there was no evidence of a reduction in the incidence of all osteoporosis‐related fractures. To make decisions about whether to implement any screening program, we should also consider whether the program is likely to be a good use of health care resources, ie, is it cost‐effective? The cost per gained quality adjusted life year of screening for fracture risk has not previously been demonstrated in an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial. We conducted a “within trial” economic analysis alongside the SCOOP study from the perspective of a national health payer, the UK National Health Service (NHS). The main outcome measure in the economic analysis was the cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained over a 5‐year time period. We also estimated cost per osteoporosis‐related fracture prevented and the cost per hip fracture prevented. The screening arm had an average incremental QALY gain of 0.0237 (95% confidence interval –0.0034 to 0.0508) for the 5‐year follow‐up. The incremental cost per QALY gained was £2772 compared with the control arm. Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves indicated a 93% probability of the intervention being cost‐effective at values of a QALY greater than £20,000. The intervention arm prevented fractures at a cost of £4478 and £7694 per fracture for osteoporosis‐related and hip fractures, respectively. The current study demonstrates that a systematic, community‐based screening program of fracture risk in older women in the UK represents a highly cost‐effective intervention.
Explanation
The correct answer is D.
Of all the statements that which is in greatest concordance with the abstract is statement D and is therefore the most likely for the authors to be in agreement with.
Non-Fictional Texts Review Screen
Instructions
Below is a summary of your answers. You can review your questions in three (3) different ways.
The buttons in the lower right-hand corner correspond to these choices:
1. Review all of your questions and answers.
2. Review questions that are incomplete.
3. Review questions that are flagged for review. (Click the 'flag' icon to change the flag for review status.)
You may also click on a question number to link directly to its location in the exam.
Non-Fictional Texts Section
Final Answer Review Screen
Instructions
This review section allows you to view the answers you made and see whether they were correct or not. Each question accessed from this screen has an 'Explain Answer' button in the top left hand side. By clicking on this you will obtain an explanation as to the correct answer.
At the bottom of this screen you can choose to 'Review All' answers, 'Review Incorrect' answers or 'Review Flagged' answers. Alternatively you can go to specific questions by opening up any of the sub-tests below.
Non-Fictional Texts Section
TI-108
Let's get acquainted ?
What is your name?
Nice to meet you, {{name}}!
What is your preferred e-mail address?
Nice to meet you, {{name}}!
What is your preferred phone number?
What is your preferred phone number?
Just to check, what are you interested in?
When should we call you?
What time works best for you? (UK Time)
How many hours of 1-1 tutoring are you looking for?
My WhatsApp number is...
For our safeguarding policy, please confirm...
For our safeguarding policy, please confirm...
Which online course are you interested in?
What is your query?
SubmitYou can apply for a bursary by clicking this link
https://www.medicmind.co.uk/medic-mind-foundation/Sure, what is your query?
SubmitLoading...
Thank you for your response.
We will aim to get back to you within 12-24 hours.
Lock in a 2 Hour 1-1 Tutoring Lesson Now
If you're ready and keen to get started click the button below to book your first 2 hour 1-1 tutoring lesson with us. Connect with a tutor from a university of your choice in minutes. (Use FAST5 to get 5% Off!)
Buy Now for £70
Thu, 23 Mar 2023 14:25:29
There is nothing in the poem to suggest this is a final performance; rather, it suggests a recurring feeling of anticlimax after every/any performance (as usual after any triumph)
Fri, 09 Feb 2024 03:22:09
Can someone explain to me how the poem recognises the sadness in the last two lines. The way I understood it was that it was a celebration of the triumph and therefore it did not necessarily have to be sad? People can cry out of happiness too? Inconsolable following a victory with consistent enthusiasm does not make sense to me, can someone explain?